GHRP-1
Growth hormone-releasing peptide-1, GHRP1
1What it is
GHRP-1 belongs to the first family of synthetic growth hormone releasing peptides developed by Cyril Bowers and colleagues from the late 1970s onward, starting from enkephalin-derived sequences that unexpectedly released GH. GHRP-6 came first and became the reference compound. GHRP-1 was a follow-on heptapeptide — GHRP-6 with a modified aromatic residue and an extra N-terminal alanine — designed for greater potency. It was investigated clinically in the early 1990s in partnership with Wyeth-Ayerst, but was overtaken by GHRP-2 (which became pralmorelin, an approved diagnostic in Japan) and by hexarelin, and was dropped.
Historically it matters because work on GHRP-1 and GHRP-6 led to the discovery of the ghrelin receptor and then of ghrelin itself. As a research compound today it is a minor player: the literature is thin, and most of what is said about it is extrapolated from GHRP-6 and GHRP-2. This profile is correspondingly short.
2How it's thought to work
All GHRPs act on the receptor that was later named , the ghrelin receptor, found on pituitary somatotrophs and in the hypothalamus. Activation releases GH directly from the pituitary and also stimulates hypothalamic GHRH release while opposing somatostatin, which is why GHRPs synergise with GHRH. Because the receptor is also present in the hypothalamic feeding circuits and on corticotroph-regulating neurons, GHRP-1, like GHRP-6, is expected to increase appetite and produce small rises in ACTH, cortisol and prolactin.
3What the research shows
GH release in humans
Receptor pharmacology
Body composition, growth, recovery
4Reported side effects and interactions
Literature-reported
flushing and transient warmth after IV dosing; small, short-lived rises in cortisol and prolactin consistent with the class. No long-term human data.Community-reported
very few reports; those that exist describe GHRP-6-like hunger, flushing and lethargy.Theoretical. class concerns of GH — raised IGF-1 with repeated use, reduced insulin sensitivity, fluid retention, caution with active malignancy. Appetite stimulation is predictable.
Interactions. additive or synergistic with GHRH analogues (sermorelin, mod GRF 1-29, CJC-1295); glucose-lowering medicines may need adjusting if IGF-1 rises.
Markers researchers commonly monitor
Based on GHRP class physiology:
| Marker | Why it's watched |
|---|---|
| IGF-1 | the integrated marker of GH release with repeated use. |
| Fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c | GH reduces insulin sensitivity. |
| Morning cortisol and prolactin | GHRP-1 is expected to raise both slightly; a baseline shows how much. |
| Body weight and appetite log | hunger is the most predictable effect. |
| Blood pressure | fluid retention is a class effect. |
| CBC and CMP | general baseline given the lack of long-term safety data. |
Free for everyone. Safety information is never behind a paywall.
5Reconstitution and handling
Rarely offered; where it is, vials are typically 5 mg. with , swirl gently.
Open in calculator, pre-loaded →6Commonly studied alongside
GHRP-6 and GHRP-2 (its siblings, with far more data), hexarelin, GHRH analogues (sermorelin, mod GRF 1-29, CJC-1295) for the synergy effect.
Informational cross-links. Not stack recommendations.
7Regulatory status by region
| Region | Status (checked —) |
|---|---|
| United States | Not FDA-approved. GHRP-2 and GHRP-6 are named in the FDA's 2023 Category 2 compounding list; GHRP-1 is not named explicitly † |
| European Union | Not authorised |
| United Kingdom | Not licensed |
| Australia | Not approved |
| South Africa | Not registered |
| Sport | Prohibited by WADA (S2 — GHRP-1 is named as an example of a GH-releasing peptide) |
8Open questions
- Essentially all of them: human pharmacokinetics, repeated-dose effects and safety were never properly published.
- Whether GHRP-1 offers anything over GHRP-2 or ipamorelin; the historical answer from drug developers was no.
9References
- 1Bowers CY (1993). GH releasing peptides — structure and kinetics. J Pediatr Endocrinol. PubMed · DOI
- 2Bowers CY (1998). Growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP). Cell Mol Life Sci. PubMed · DOI
- 3Cheng K et al. (1989). The synergistic effects of His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 on growth hormone (GH)-releasing factor-stimulated GH release and intracellular adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate accumulation in rat primary pituitary cell culture. Endocrinology. PubMed · DOI
- 4Bowers CY et al. (1990). Growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide stimulates GH release in normal men and acts synergistically with GH-releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. PubMed · DOI
- 5Smith RG et al. (1997). Peptidomimetic regulation of growth hormone secretion. Endocr Rev. PubMed · DOI
† Being confirmed by our reviewers against current sources.
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Self-reported side effects Phase 2
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