Cagrilintide
NNC0174-0833, AM833; CagriSema = cagrilintide 2.4 mg + semaglutide 2.4 mg fixed-dose combination
1What it is
Amylin is a natural hormone made by the same pancreatic beta cells that make insulin and released with it after meals. It tells the brain the meal is sufficient, slows the stomach and suppresses glucagon. Native amylin is unstable and clumps into fibrils (the amyloid deposits seen in type 2 diabetes), so it cannot be used as a drug; pramlintide (Symlin), a short-acting analogue approved in 2005 as an add-on to insulin, is injected with each meal.
Cagrilintide is Novo Nordisk's long-acting amylin analogue: the sequence was modified to prevent fibril formation and a fatty-diacid side chain was added for albumin binding, allowing once-weekly injection. It is synthetic. Because amylin and GLP-1 act on different brain circuits, Novo developed it mainly as a partner for semaglutide; the co-formulation is called CagriSema and is the company's intended successor to Wegovy. Cagrilintide alone is also being studied in people who do not tolerate GLP-1 drugs.
2How it's thought to work
3What the research shows
Cagrilintide alone
CagriSema Phase 1b and Phase 2
CagriSema Phase 3
Glucose and cardiometabolic markers
Community use
4Reported side effects and interactions
Literature-reported
Common (literature). nausea (the most frequent), vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea, decreased appetite, injection-site reactions, fatigue. In REDEFINE 1 gastrointestinal events were more common with CagriSema than semaglutide alone during escalation but were mostly mild to moderate and transient; discontinuation for adverse events was around 6%.
Of specific note. in the Phase 2 monotherapy trial, cagrilintide caused less nausea than liraglutide 3.0 mg at comparable weight loss, which supports its use in people intolerant of GLP-1 drugs. Heart rate changes were smaller than with GLP-1 .
Class-level and theoretical. gallbladder disease and pancreatitis as with any rapid weight loss; the GLP-1 component of CagriSema carries semaglutide's warnings (thyroid C-cell tumours in rodents, retinopathy signal, delayed gastric emptying); amylin analogues can cause hypoglycaemia when combined with insulin (pramlintide carries a boxed warning for this); calcitonin-receptor activity raises a theoretical bone/calcium question not borne out in data so far.
Muscle mass. body-composition data from the REDEFINE programme are limited; lean-mass loss alongside fat is expected.
Grey-market product risks. cagrilintide has never been commercially manufactured; vials sold online are of unknown identity and purity. Community "CagriSema" is usually two separate vials dosed together, which doubles the opportunity for milligram-level dosing errors.
Interactions. additive hypoglycaemia with insulin or sulfonylureas; slowed absorption of oral medicines; not for use in pregnancy. Full interaction data not yet published.
Markers researchers commonly monitor
| Marker | Why it's watched |
|---|---|
| Body weight, waist circumference and body composition | primary trial endpoints; lean-mass tracking matters at this magnitude of loss. |
| HbA1c and fasting glucose | hypoglycaemia risk if combined with insulin or sulfonylureas, particularly given the amylin component. |
| Creatinine/eGFR and electrolytes | dehydration from GI effects. |
| Lipase/amylase | only with symptoms suggestive of pancreatitis. |
| Calcium and bone markers | a theoretical watch item from calcitonin-receptor activity; not routinely measured in trials. |
| Heart rate and blood pressure | smaller heart-rate effect than GLP-1 agonists; blood pressure typically falls. |
| Lipids and liver enzymes | generally improve. |
Free for everyone. Safety information is never behind a paywall.
5Reconstitution and handling
No approved product exists. grey-market vials, if encountered, need the same milligram-level care as semaglutide: small volumes, high concentrations, easy ten-fold errors — and if combined with semaglutide, two separate calculations. Use the calculator and double-check units for each.
Open in calculator, pre-loaded →6Commonly studied alongside
Semaglutide (the CagriSema combination is the primary development path); liraglutide (comparator in Phase 2); tirzepatide (comparator in REDEFINE 4). Novo is also studying cagrilintide with its next-generation agents (amycretin is a separate single-molecule GLP-1/amylin agonist, not a combination).
Informational cross-links. Not stack recommendations.
7Regulatory status by region
| Region | Status (checked —) |
|---|---|
| United States | Investigational; not FDA-approved. CagriSema submission filed † |
| European Union | Investigational; CagriSema submission to EMA filed † |
| United Kingdom | Investigational; not licensed |
| Australia | Investigational; not approved |
| South Africa | Investigational; not registered |
| Sport (WADA) | Not specifically listed; as a non-approved substance falls under S0 † |
8Open questions
- Why REDEFINE 1 fell short of the weight loss projected from Phase 2, and whether flexible dosing protocols explain it.
- How CagriSema compares with tirzepatide (REDEFINE 4) and whether amylin agonism preserves lean mass better than incretin drugs alone.
- Long-term safety of chronic amylin/calcitonin receptor activation, including bone.
- Whether cagrilintide alone becomes an option for people who cannot tolerate GLP-1 drugs.
9References
- 1Lau DCW et al. (2021). Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight and obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial. Lancet. PubMed · DOI
- 2Enebo LB et al. (2021). Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of concomitant administration of multiple doses of cagrilintide with semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight management: a randomised, controlled, phase 1b trial. Lancet. PubMed · DOI
- 3Frias JP et al. (2023). Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2.4 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet. PubMed · DOI
- 4Garvey WT et al. (2025). Coadministered cagrilintide and semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity (REDEFINE 1). N Engl J Med. PubMed · DOI
- 5Kruse T et al. (2021). Development of cagrilintide, a long-acting amylin analogue. J Med Chem. PubMed · DOI
- 6Hay DL et al. (2015). Amylin: pharmacology, physiology, and clinical potential. Pharmacol Rev. PubMed · DOI
- 7Novo Nordisk (2025). REDEFINE 2 topline results announcement — press release, to be replaced with the peer-reviewed publication. PubMed
References are being resolved to PubMed/DOI identifiers; links search PubMed for the citation until then.
† Being confirmed by our reviewers against current sources.
10Community
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Self-reported side effects Phase 2
11Page history
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